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Compare Isle of Man (2001) - Southern Ocean (2007)
Compare Isle of Man (2001) z Southern Ocean (2007)
| Isle of Man (2001) | Southern Ocean (2007) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | there are 24 local authorities each with its own elections | - |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
17.51% (male 6,562; female 6,306) 15-64 years: 65.19% (male 24,061; female 23,845) 65 years and over: 17.3% (male 5,076; female 7,639) (2001 est.) |
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| Agriculture - products | cereals, vegetables; cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry | - |
| Airports | 1 (2000 est.) | - |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
- |
| Area | total:
572 sq km land: 572 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 20.327 million sq km
note: includes Amundsen Sea, Bellingshausen Sea, part of the Drake Passage, Ross Sea, a small part of the Scotia Sea, Weddell Sea, and other tributary water bodies |
| Area - comparative | slightly more than three times the size of Washington, DC | slightly more than twice the size of the US |
| Background | Part of the Norwegian Kingdom of the Hebrides until the 13th century when it was ceded to Scotland, the isle came under the British crown in 1765. Current concerns include reviving the almost extinct Manx Celtic language. | A large body of recent oceanographic research has shown that the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), an ocean current that flows from west to east around Antarctica, plays a crucial role in global ocean circulation. The region where the cold waters of the ACC meet and mingle with the warmer waters of the north defines a distinct border - the Antarctic Convergence - which fluctuates with the seasons, but which encompasses a discrete body of water and a unique ecologic region. The Convergence concentrates nutrients, which promotes marine plant life, and which in turn allows for a greater abundance of animal life. In the spring of 2000, the International Hydrographic Organization decided to delimit the waters within the Convergence as a fifth world ocean - the Southern Ocean - by combining the southern portions of the Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Pacific Ocean. The Southern Ocean extends from the coast of Antarctica north to 60 degrees south latitude, which coincides with the Antarctic Treaty Limit and which approximates the extent of the Antarctic Convergence. As such, the Southern Ocean is now the fourth largest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and Indian Ocean, but larger than the Arctic Ocean). It should be noted that inclusion of the Southern Ocean does not imply recognition of this feature as one of the world's primary oceans by the US Government. |
| Birth rate | 11.58 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) | - |
| Budget | revenues:
$485 million expenditures: $463 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY00/01 est.) |
- |
| Capital | Douglas | - |
| Climate | cool summers and mild winters; temperate; overcast about one-third of the time | sea temperatures vary from about 10 degrees Celsius to -2 degrees Celsius; cyclonic storms travel eastward around the continent and frequently are intense because of the temperature contrast between ice and open ocean; the ocean area from about latitude 40 south to the Antarctic Circle has the strongest average winds found anywhere on Earth; in winter the ocean freezes outward to 65 degrees south latitude in the Pacific sector and 55 degrees south latitude in the Atlantic sector, lowering surface temperatures well below 0 degrees Celsius; at some coastal points intense persistent drainage winds from the interior keep the shoreline ice-free throughout the winter |
| Coastline | 160 km | 17,968 km |
| Constitution | unwritten; note - The Isle of Man Constitution Act, 1961, does not embody the Manx Constitution | - |
| Country name | conventional long form:
none conventional short form: Isle of Man |
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| Currency | British pound (GBP); note - there is also a Manx pound | - |
| Death rate | 11.84 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) | - |
| Debt - external | $NA | - |
| Dependency status | British crown dependency | - |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | none (British crown dependency) | - |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (British crown dependency) | - |
| Disputes - international | none | Antarctic Treaty defers claims (see Antarctica entry), but Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, NZ, Norway, and UK assert claims (some overlapping), including the continental shelf in the Southern Ocean; several states have expressed an interest in extending those continental shelf claims under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) to include undersea ridges; the US and most other states do not recognize the land or maritime claims of other states and have made no claims themselves (the US and Russia have reserved the right to do so); no formal claims exist in the waters in the sector between 90 degrees west and 150 degrees west |
| Economic aid - recipient | $NA | - |
| Economy - overview | Offshore banking, manufacturing, and tourism are key sectors of the economy. The government's policy of offering incentives to high-technology companies and financial institutions to locate on the island has paid off in expanding employment opportunities in high-income industries. As a result, agriculture and fishing, once the mainstays of the economy, have declined in their shares of GDP. Banking and other services now contribute 42% to GDP. Trade is mostly with the UK. The Isle of Man enjoys free access to EU markets. | Fisheries in 2003-04 landed 136,262 metric tons, of which 87% (118,166 tons) was krill and 8% (11,182 tons) Patagonian toothfish, compared to 142,555 tons in 2002-03 of which 83% (117,728 tons) was krill and 12% (16,479 tons) Patagonian toothfish (estimated fishing from the area covered by the Convention of the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), which extends slightly beyond the Southern Ocean area). International agreements were adopted in late 1999 to reduce illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing, which in the 2000-01 season landed, by one estimate, 8,376 metric tons of Patagonian and Antarctic toothfish. In the 2004-05 Antarctic summer, 28,202 tourists, most of them seaborne (approximately 97%), visited the Southern Ocean and Antarctica, compared to 14,762 in 1999-2000. |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Irish Sea 0 m highest point: Snaefell 621 m |
lowest point: -7,235 m at the southern end of the South Sandwich Trench
highest point: sea level 0 m |
| Environment - current issues | waste disposal (both household and industrial); transboundary air pollution | increased solar ultraviolet radiation resulting from the Antarctic ozone hole in recent years, reducing marine primary productivity (phytoplankton) by as much as 15% and damaging the DNA of some fish; illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing in recent years, especially the landing of an estimated five to six times more Patagonian toothfish than the regulated fishery, which is likely to affect the sustainability of the stock; large amount of incidental mortality of seabirds resulting from long-line fishing for toothfish
note: the now-protected fur seal population is making a strong comeback after severe overexploitation in the 18th and 19th centuries |
| Environment - international agreements | - | the Southern Ocean is subject to all international agreements regarding the world's oceans; in addition, it is subject to these agreements specific to the Antarctic region: International Whaling Commission (prohibits commercial whaling south of 40 degrees south [south of 60 degrees south between 50 degrees and 130 degrees west]); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (limits sealing); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (regulates fishing)
note: many nations (including the US) prohibit mineral resource exploration and exploitation south of the fluctuating Polar Front (Antarctic Convergence), which is in the middle of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and serves as the dividing line between the cold polar surface waters to the south and the warmer waters to the north |
| Ethnic groups | Manx (Norse-Celtic descent), Briton | - |
| Exchange rates | Manx pounds per US dollar - 0.6764 (January 2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6106 (1997), 0.6403 (1996); the Manx pound is at par with the British pound | - |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
Lord of Mann Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Lieutenant Governor His Excellency Sir Timothy DAUNT (since 27 October 1995) head of government: Chief Minister Donald GELLING (since 3 December 1996) cabinet: Council of Ministers elections: the monarch is hereditary; lieutenant governor appointed by the monarch for a five-year term; the Chief Minister is elected by the Tynwald; election last held 3 December 1996 (next to be held NA 2001) election results: Donald GELLING elected chief minister by the Tynwald |
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| Exports | $NA | - |
| Exports - commodities | tweeds, herring, processed shellfish, beef, lamb | - |
| Exports - partners | UK | - |
| Fiscal year | 1 April - 31 March | - |
| Flag description | red with the Three Legs of Man emblem (Trinacria), in the center; the three legs are joined at the thigh and bent at the knee; in order to have the toes pointing clockwise on both sides of the flag, a two-sided emblem is used | - |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $1.4 billion (1999 est.) | - |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
1% industry: 9% services: 90% (1999 est.) |
- |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $18,800 (1999 est.) | - |
| GDP - real growth rate | 13.5% (1999 est.) | - |
| Geographic coordinates | 54 15 N, 4 30 W | 60 00 S, 90 00 E (nominally), but the Southern Ocean has the unique distinction of being a large circumpolar body of water totally encircling the continent of Antarctica; this ring of water lies between 60 degrees south latitude and the coast of Antarctica and encompasses 360 degrees of longitude |
| Geography - note | one small islet, the Calf of Man, lies to the southwest, and is a bird sanctuary | the major chokepoint is the Drake Passage between South America and Antarctica; the Polar Front (Antarctic Convergence) is the best natural definition of the northern extent of the Southern Ocean; it is a distinct region at the middle of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current that separates the cold polar surface waters to the south from the warmer waters to the north; the Front and the Current extend entirely around Antarctica, reaching south of 60 degrees south near New Zealand and near 48 degrees south in the far South Atlantic coinciding with the path of the maximum westerly winds |
| Highways | total:
800 km paved: 800 km unpaved: 0 km (1999) |
- |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
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| Imports | $NA | - |
| Imports - commodities | timber, fertilizers, fish | - |
| Imports - partners | UK | - |
| Independence | none (British crown dependency) | - |
| Industrial production growth rate | 3.2% (FY96/97) | - |
| Industries | financial services, light manufacturing, tourism | - |
| Infant mortality rate | 6.42 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) | - |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 2.5% (2000 est.) | - |
| International organization participation | none | - |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | NA | - |
| Irrigated land | 0 sq km | - |
| Judicial branch | High Court of Justice (justices are appointed by the Lord Chancellor of England on the nomination of the lieutenant governor) | - |
| Labor force | 36,610 (1998) | - |
| Labor force - by occupation | agriculture, forestry and fishing 3%, manufacturing 11%, construction 10%, transport and communication 8%, wholesale and retail distribution 11%, professional and scientific services 18%, public administration 6%, banking and finance 18%, tourism 2%, entertainment and catering 3%, miscellaneous services 10% | - |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | - |
| Land use | arable land:
9% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 46% forests and woodland: 6% other: 39% (includes 25% mountain and heathland) |
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| Languages | English, Manx Gaelic | - |
| Legal system | English common law and Manx statute | - |
| Legislative branch | bicameral Tynwald consists of the Legislative Council (a 11-member body composed of the President of Tynwald, the Lord Bishop of Sodor and Man, a nonvoting attorney general, and 8 others named by the House of Keys) and the House of Keys (24 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: House of Keys - last held 21 November 1996 (next to be held NA November 2001) election results: House of Keys - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - independents 24 |
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| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
77.64 years male: 74.26 years female: 81.2 years (2001 est.) |
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| Literacy | definition:
NA total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA% |
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| Location | Western Europe, island in the Irish Sea, between Great Britain and Ireland | body of water between 60 degrees south latitude and Antarctica |
| Map references | Europe | Antarctic Region |
| Maritime claims | exclusive fishing zone:
12 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
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| Merchant marine | total:
157 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,917,402 GRT/8,333,858 DWT ships by type: bulk 27, cargo 13, chemical tanker 11, combination bulk 3, container 20, liquefied gas 13, petroleum tanker 43, refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 18, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 5 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belgium 1, Denmark 1, Germany 1, Netherlands 1, Sweden 1, UK 3 (2000 est.) |
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| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of the UK | - |
| National holiday | Tynwald Day, 5 July | - |
| Nationality | noun:
Manxman (men), Manxwoman (women) adjective: Manx |
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| Natural hazards | NA | huge icebergs with drafts up to several hundred meters; smaller bergs and iceberg fragments; sea ice (generally 0.5 to 1 m thick) with sometimes dynamic short-term variations and with large annual and interannual variations; deep continental shelf floored by glacial deposits varying widely over short distances; high winds and large waves much of the year; ship icing, especially May-October; most of region is remote from sources of search and rescue |
| Natural resources | none | probable large and possible giant oil and gas fields on the continental margin, manganese nodules, possible placer deposits, sand and gravel, fresh water as icebergs; squid, whales, and seals - none exploited; krill, fish |
| Net migration rate | 5.44 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) | - |
| Political parties and leaders | there is no party system; members sit as independents | - |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | none | - |
| Population | 73,489 (July 2001 est.) | - |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | - |
| Population growth rate | 0.52% (2001 est.) | - |
| Ports and harbors | Castletown, Douglas, Peel, Ramsey | - |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) | - |
| Radios | NA | - |
| Railways | total:
68.5 km (43.5 km electrified) |
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| Religions | Anglican, Roman Catholic, Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian, Society of Friends | - |
| Sex ratio | at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
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| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal | - |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
NA domestic: landline, telefax, mobile cellular telephone system international: fiber-optic cable, microwave radio relay, satellite earth station, submarine cable |
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| Telephones - main lines in use | 51,000 (1999) | - |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | NA | - |
| Television broadcast stations | 0 (receives broadcasts from the UK and satellite) (1999) | - |
| Terrain | hills in north and south bisected by central valley | the Southern Ocean is deep, 4,000 to 5,000 m over most of its extent with only limited areas of shallow water; the Antarctic continental shelf is generally narrow and unusually deep, its edge lying at depths of 400 to 800 m (the global mean is 133 m); the Antarctic icepack grows from an average minimum of 2.6 million sq km in March to about 18.8 million sq km in September, better than a sixfold increase in area; the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (21,000 km in length) moves perpetually eastward; it is the world's largest ocean current, transporting 130 million cubic meters of water per second - 100 times the flow of all the world's rivers |
| Total fertility rate | 1.65 children born/woman (2001 est.) | - |
| Transportation - note | - | Drake Passage offers alternative to transit through the Panama Canal |
| Unemployment rate | 0.6% (August 2000) | - |
| Waterways | none | - |
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